Extreme Adaptive Optics in the mid-IR: The METIS AO system

¹ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
² Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Kõnigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
³ ASTRON, Postbus 2, 7990 AA, Dwingeloo, the Netherlands

^a e-mail: stuik@strw.leidenuniv.nl

Abstract

Adaptive Optics at mid-IR wavelengths has long been seen as either not necessary or easy. The impact of atmospheric turbulence on the performance of 8-10 meter class telescopes in the mid-IR is relatively small compared to other performance issues like sky background and telescope emission. Using a relatively low order AO system, Strehl Ratios of larger than 95% have been reported on 6-8 meter class telescopes. Going to 30-42 meter class telescopes changes this picture dramatically. High Strehl Ratios require what is currently considered a high-order AO system. Furthermore, even with a moderate AO system, first order simulations show that the performance of such a system drops significantly when not taking into account refractivity effects and atmospheric composition variations. Reaching Strehl Ratios of over 90% at L, M and N band will require special considerations and will impact the system design and control scheme of AO systems for mid-IR on ELTs. In this paper we present an overview of the effects that impact the performance of an AO system at mid-IR wavelengths on an ELT and simulations on the performance and we will present a first order system concept of such an AO system for METIS, the mid-IR instrument for the E-ELT.